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 Becoming a Man is
not as Easy as X+Y
Dr.
Howard Glicksman is a physician, graduating from the
University of Toronto
in 1978. He practiced primary care medicine for 25
years in Oakville,
Ontario, Canada
and Spring Hill,
Florida. He writes for
Access Research Network under the title, "Exercise Your Wonder with Dr.
G." The following excerpts are taken from his
copyrighted article published online
September 1, 2005, and is released as a
www.CreationDigest.com feature with his express permission.
The full text can be found on
www.ARN.org (Access
Research Network).
Twenty-three chromosome pairs
provide the genetic code for a human. "The mother's egg always provides
and X chromosome and the father's sperm supplies either an X or a Y
chromosome to the zygote. A person is considered, chromosomally, a
female if they have an XX pattern and a male if they have an XY
combination."
It functions as an all or
nothing package deal!
Anything less than perfection
and reproduction is impossible. But looks can be deceiving, for it is
possible, due to a single gene defect, to have an XY female who has
testes and no uterus, but who thinks of "herself" and is living among us
as an apparently fully developed female.
"Human embryo sexual
differentiation involves the development of three different…initial
primordial tissues…(1) undifferentiated gonads, which develop
into either testes or ovaries; (2) the genital duct
systems, the Mullerian ducts (female)-which form the
fallopian tubes, the uterus and the upper vagina, or the Wolffian
ducts (male)-which form the epididymis, vas derens, and seminal
vesicles; (3) the (uro)genital sinus, swellings, folds and tubercle,
which form either a female lower vagina, labia, and clitoris, or a male
prostate, scrotum, and penis."
The default sex of every human
embryo is female. The sex determining region (SRY) of the Y
chromosome contains the information for the testes determining factor (TDF)
which prevents the undifferentiated gonads becoming ovaries. "This TDF
turns out to be the master switch for turning on the biochemical
machinery that results in the formation of the testes." Once this
master switch is turned on, unless DMRT-1 from chromosome #9
kicks in, the "gonadal tissue will form into ovaries and
not testes. Therefore, every human, including women, has
the genetic and biomolecular machinery within thems elves to become
male, it only requires that the masterswitch on the Y
chromosome activate the system."
Once the embryonic testes are
formed, they begin to secrete testosterone, "derived from cholesterol." Enzymes
"located on several different chromosomes" are needed "to convert
cholesterol into testosterone…each of the many enzymes necessary for
adequate testosterone formation must be fully functional or else the
male of the species will not be functionally able to reproduce." The epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles are derived from the
Wolffian ducts which are "totally dependent
on testosterone for allowing them to continue to survive and develop
into this male genital duct system."
Testosterone alone is not
enough.
"…An androgen receptor
within the cytoplasm...is encoded on the X chromosome that allows
the Wolffian duct cells to identify testosterone as the trigger for
further development. Without a properly functioning androgen receptor,
it doesn't matter how much testosterone one has floating around in one's
bloodstream, it will be biologically useless and the Wolffian ducts will
in fact degenerate and not develop into the male genital duct system.
But once the Wolffian duct degenerates from the impotency of
testosterone due to the absence of functioning androgen receptors, a
very strange thing takes place. Since the external genitalia are
destined to become female unless acted upon by androgens, lack of
functioning androgen receptors results in this XY person having testes
but female external genitalia. So why isn't there a uterus too?"
It
turns out that the testes not only secrete testosterone, they also
produce something called Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
and it is incapable of causing an effect at the cellular level unless
it locks on to a specific protein…the
AMH receptor" a
protein "genetically encoded for on the 12th chromosome."
The AMH "reaction with the
AMH receptor located in the Mullerian duct cells
causes them to degenerate. So the Wolffian duct must be stimulated by
testosterone or it degenerates, but the Mullerian duct will become the
female internal genital system by default unless specifically acted upon
by the AMH in concert with the AMH receptor located in the Mullerian
duct cells. This is precisely why the XY female who lacks properly
functioning androgen receptors doesn't have a uterus. "Her" testes also
made AMH which caused the involution of the Mullerian duct system. Also,
any dysfunction of either AMH production or the AMH receptor results in
sterility."
But there is more.
Development of the external male genitalia requires "the biochemical
ability to convert testosterone into 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone…a
hormone that comes about by the enzymatic action of 5alpha-reductase on
testosterone." Deficiency here leads to deformed genitalia and
impotency. "…The human embryo by default is destined to become female
unless it is acted upon by several biomolecules acting together through
specific receptors contained in the primordial undifferentiated cells
that are to become the male reproductive system."
Shortfall of the essential
hormones and enzymes can result "in the development of either a female
phenotype, or a male that is impotent and infertile. Either way,
reproduction as we know it, resulting in the continuation of any species
leading up to Homo sapiens, would be physically impossible
and the idea that only natural selection acting on random variation
could explain human evolution would literally be dead."
Dr. Glicksman zeros in on
evolutionism's irreducible complexity dilemma, verbally indicting blind
rejection of intelligent design.
"…We and our children are
supposed to believe this paradox spun out by evolutionary biologists.
That the very intellect that each of us possesses, which gives us the
capacity to detect intelligence, came about by the unguided random
forces of nature; forces that all experience tells us can't produce
anything that is considered intellectually significant.
"Ideas have consequences.
We all are human and have philosophical and ideological models that we
follow in life. Scientists who continue to expound dogmatically on
the truth of macroevolution, without at least admitting to the
weaknesses of their claims, while showing no appreciation for its
effects on our culture, at best, are ignorant of the human heart and
mind, and at worst, are being disingenuous and intellectually
dishonest."
* Howard Glicksman,
M.D.,"Sex and the Single Gene: Becoming a Man is not as Easy as X+Y,"
Exercise Your Wonder (www.ARN.org)
,
September 1, 2005).
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